Into the Unknown
Data Science Workflow An important first step is to ask good questions about the data. It helps tune data into actionable information. First question can be “What happened?” And then the second might be “Why did this happen?” At this point, you can go even further and ask “What would happen next?” Finally you may…
A contract is nothing more than an enforceable agreement. The person who makes an offer is offeror, whose counter-party is offeree, who has the power to form a contract. ‘Valid contract’ mean either party can enforce it, in contrast ‘Void contract’ is unenforceable by either party. Some where in the middle between valid and void…
Deduction to supervised learning problem In tabular method, each Q(s, a) could be seen as a parameter. There are more parameters than states, because there are as many parameters for each state as the possible number of actions for each state. There are also situations where states include continuous components. It means we need a…
Income Tax Formula This is an important formula, you’ll use throughout the course and beyond. The US tax laws use all-inclusive income concept. We need to differentiate between “realized (economic) income” and “recognized income”. You realize economic income, when you have an exchange of property rights. “Recognized income” is part of “realized income” that is…
Value Iteration in real world n real world, we don’t have the state transition probability distribution or the reward function. You may try sampling them, but you will never know the exact probabilities of them. As the result, you can not compute the expectation of the action values. We want a new algorithm that would…
Spinning all rotors of a quad-rotor in the same direction will cause the robot to constantly rotate. The thrust F and drag moment M are quadratic to angular velocity 蠅. You have to size the motor to product the torque to over come this drag moment. If resultant forces and moments are non-zero, you get…
What is ComplianceUniversity of Pennsylvania The world today operates in a highly regulated environment. Failure to comply usually leads to catastrophic loss. The course case-studied quite a few companies which face serious reputational and economic harm: Enron, Google, Uber, Valkswagon, Facebook. Very interesting. In this is a short introductory course, but a few topics reminds…
Basics The simple fact is that the world today operates in a highly regulated environment. So when it comes to compliance, we usually ask the question “What do I have to comply with?” But, far more importantly the next question is “how do you know what I have to comply with?” Even for a small startup company, there…
Swaps Why do companies or entities construct swaps? Because they want to change the nature of cash flows, or leverage strengths in different markets. But there is an implicit assumption that the companies / entities continue to exist. If one of them were to default, it will expose the counter party to a big risk….
Reward That all of what we mean by goals and purposes can be well thought of as maximization of the expected value of the cumulative sum of a received scalar signal (reward). R. Sutton This signal is ‘reward’, and sum of the signals is ‘return’. Each immediate reward depends on the agent action and environment…
AI and LawLund University This is a succinct but far-reaching course. It overviews how AI and legal system affect each other and how they actually exert influence on our daily life. The content is introductory and uncomplicated. It is easy to understand, and very good for the general public. The lecture videos are short and…
Algorithmic ToolboxUC San Diego This course is full of everlasting magic spells that are very useful in job interview. It reminds me of many classic questions. This course is challenging, not only it covers many fundamental topics you really need to comprehend well, but also the programming assignments grader tells you almost NOTHING about why…
Electrodynamics: An IntroductionKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Electromagnetism is definitely one of the most elegant way to appreciate the beauty of this world. This amazing course will guide you on the right direction. At the beginning, this course seems daunting, but later you might find that it is getting easier – if you…
Introduction to Intellectual PropertyUniversity of Pennsylvania IP almost occupies my daily life, both at home and at work. It is my job at work. Also, my family members are in both IT and pharmaceutical industry, so there is always some talk or gossip related to IP every day. The course introduces 3 major forms of…
Mathematical Thinking in Computer ScienceUC San Diego You will never believe a math course can be so fun and inspiring! This course is full of mini puzzle games! These quiz taught very fundamental concepts vividly: proof, optimality, recursion, induction, Reductio ad absurdum, invariants, etc. Some of the games are still haunting and unforgettable to me….