Into the Unknown
The law of contracts is both judge made (based on past decisions) and legislature made (based on statues), all 50 states have enacted major parts of the Uniform Commercial Code or UCC. The UCC governs the sale of goods. The contract to pay money for a service, is likely to be governed by common law,…
Microservices Traditionally a three-tier application is made up of three components, usually all of which are based on databases: In a monolithic app, each of these is built into a single artifact. Updating, and scaling the application introduces many challenges. However in a microservices architecture, the application is decomposed into small, independent services, which uses network protocols…
Unfortunately, real atoms (including hydrogen atoms) are not very well described by the simple theory. There are more things contribute to the actual atomic structure: Higher order effects Spin-orbit coupling Relativistic Nuclear spin Zeman Identity particles, that leads to the Pauli exclusion principle. Multiple electrons, the electromagnetic fields associated with the electrons can interact. Spin-Orbit…
External Motion Particle in a box is the simplest problem in quantum mechanics. A particle is just translating back and forth between the walls of the box. If there is no external field acting on the particle, i.e. no force acting on the particle except at the walls, then you can decompose the problem into…
Quantum mechanics is the mathematics of atomic and molecular structure. We seek to determine allowed quantum states and their energies. A Short History A definite understanding that atoms are composed of separate particles (nuclei and electrons) did not really occur till toward the end of the 19th century. The development of quantum mechanics is strongly…
Cosmology is the science of studying our universe. Being different from astronomy, which corresponds to studying some particular objects in our universe, for example, the black holes, neutron stars, etc. Cosmology is to study the universe as a whole object and study the universe itself: An interesting observation is at night the sky is dark,…
Previously, in special relativity, we have found that the concepts of space and time are relative. When you are moving, you will find space and time are different compared to others. However, when you are not moving, gravity will also bring us new understanding about space and time. The Earth gravity is so weak that…
Source of Capital for Startups First of all, there are 2 critical lessons to remember: Imagine you’re the entrepreneur, now the question is what is the right source of capital based on the characteristics of your business? The options include: Another way to look at this decision is to think about it in terms of…
Subclassing Models The model subclassing and custom layers give you even more control over how the model is constructed, and can be thought of as an even lower level API than the functional API. However with more flexibility comes more opportunity for bugs. In order to use model subclassing, we first import the Model class…
In 3-dimensional space, when we are looking at an object, what we see depends on the angle, the object is still the same object. Actually, the geometry of special relativity is nothing more than looking at a four-dimensional space-time object at different angles. We are actually looking at the relation of events at different angles,…
How do markets and investors determine the valuation of a company? There is a framework that financial markets used to think about value, which forms the basis of all modern financial markets. We will think of the price of an asset as being given by the present value of all of the future cash flows…
Sequential data is data that has a natural sequential structure built into it, like text data or audio data. There are various network architectures and layers that we can use to make predictions from sequence data. However sequence data is often unstructured and not as uniform as other datasets. Preprocessing Sequential Data Each sequence example…
The content-based approaches to recommendation include: Pure information filtering systems build profiles of content preference Case-based reasoning systems ask questions and query database of cases Knowledge-based navigation systems navigate from item to item in a library of exampleswithout necessarily the engineering of questions Generally, these case-based and knowledge-based approaches are helpful for these ephemerally personalized…
Data pipelines are for loading, transforming, and filtering a wide range of different data for use in your models. Broadly speaking there are two ways to handle our data pipeline: These two modules together offer some powerful methods for managing data and building an effective workflow. Keras Datasets The Keras datasets give us a really…
Containers Explained The concept for containers comes from shipping containers, which have a standard size, shape, and common mechanisms for loading and locking containers on to ships to ship products around the world. With software, you need to package up a product and, ship it. But the problems are: Docker is an open platform for…