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Shadow Banking
Shadow banking is “money market funding of capital market lending”. Financial globalization and the revolution of modern finance...
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Interest Rate Swaps and Credit Default Swaps
Interest Rate Swaps The interest rate swap come into being because of certain kinds of market imperfections that...
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Forwards and Futures
Economy is coherent, it has structure to it. The discipline of the clearing constraint that forces people, whether...
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Indirect Finance and Direct Finance
Shadow banking refers to money market funding of capital market lending. We essentially need to extend the money...
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Introduction to Transport Layer Protocols
Two transport layer protocols User Datagram Program (UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) are built upon the best...
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Introduction to Internet Protocol
TCP/IP Protocol Suite is to build a network of networks (Internet) that can operate over multiple, coexisting, and...
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Global Liquidity and Foreign Exchange
International Transaction in 19th Century Suppose we have a surplus country which is selling goods and receiving bills...
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Fitting Parametric Models to Data
The purpose of fitting models to data is to help answer research questions. We specify models based on...
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Chartalism and Metallism
We have been thinking the hierarchy of money, with reserves (or currency which is the liability of the...
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Operations Research: The Theory for Regression and SVM
The theory of Operations Research has been used to develop models in many fields like statistics and machine...
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Lagrangian Duality and KKT Condition
In the case of unconstrained non-linear programs, we may determine whether the objective function is convex and then...
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Convex Analysis
Compared with linear programs, non-linear programs (NLPs) are much more difficult to solve. In an NLP, a local...
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Routing in Packet Networks
A packet switch network provides communication services among multiple nodes/routers. There are usually multiple route/path from one node/router...
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Character of Gains and Losses, and The Netting Process
Recall there are a few key items when evaluating a property transaction: Also recall the holding period of...
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Minimum Cost Network Flow
Network flow models are one specific format of mathematical programs. These are used to study operations that are...