Private Key Encryption
Limitations of Perfect Secrecy Recall that the perfect secrecy has two limitations: The first limitation can be circumvented...
Thermodynamics: Fundamental Concepts
Thermodynamics is the study of the equilibrium behavior of systems, for which motion at the microscopic level of...
Basics of Quantum Error Correction Theory
The real physical devices that implement computational models are always imperfect. It is not always possible to eliminate...
Quantum Algorithms
The essence of the quantum computations might not determine some particular result for a certain function, but establish...
Transmission of Quantum Information
Unlike the classical bit, as we already know the quantum bit is able to stay in superposition state....
Computational Secrecy, Pseudo-randomness, and Proof of Security
Limitations of the One-Time Pad The one-time pad encryption scheme achieves perfect secrecy, but nowadays it is not...
Quantum vs. Classical Logical Operations
Nowadays, there are a large number of various computers. Despite the differences in physical implementations and the purposes...
Quantum Entanglement
Quantum entanglement acts as a cornerstone for all quantum computations. If one physical system consists of two or...
Introduction to Classical Cryptography
In dictionary, cryptography is defined as the art of writing or solving codes. Historically, cryptography focused exclusively on...
Statistical Aspects of Quantum Mechanics
As of now, it is still unclear whether it is possible to create a so-called quantum computer, a...
Classification: Decision Trees and k-Nearest Neighbours
Classification Basics Machine learning uses learning data and learning algorithms to produce a model (or Question Answering Machine,...
Quantum Mechanics: Ensembles and Identical Particles
Pure and Mixed Ensemble / State In quantum mechanics, we only talk about average or expectation value for...
Time Evolution of Quantum States
Time-dependent Schrödinger Equation Time-dependent Schrödinger equations is not an eigenvalue equation, but allowing us to predict the state...
Quantum Mechanics: Uncertainty Principle and Change of Basis
Commuting Operators Two observables A and B are considered ‘compatible’ if the corresponding operators commute with each other,...
Heuristic Algorithms: A Case Study
The objectives for any research is that we want to build a mathematical model to formulate the given problem. The...